There are known sex differences in many neurological diseases. For example, more women than men develop Alzheimer’s Disease and women tend to decline faster than men. What can explain this difference? One potential piece of the puzzle may be an extra-cellular structure in the brain called perineuronal nets, which envelop neurons and are important for brain plasticity. In this powerful episode, Jake Gold (’22) tells us about how sex difference in perineuronal nets may be related to sex differences in neurological diseases.